情态动词，实意动词分别是什么啊

情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ 实义动词 有完整词汇意义的动词叫做实义动词。实义动词分跟有宾语的及物动词和不跟宾语的不及物动词。连系动词也是实义动词，但连系动词不能单独构成谓语，其后必须跟有表语。 1．及物动词和不及物动词 有些及物动词只有一个宾语（单宾语），有些可跟间接宾语和直接宾语（双宾语），或跟宾语和宾语补足语（复合宾语），例： I like the book very much．我很喜欢这本书。 My teacher lend me some books．我的老师借给我一些书。（双宾语） I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her．我一接到她的信就通知你。（复合宾语） 而不及物动词不带宾语，例： The good news soon spread all over the city．好消息很快传遍全城。 许多动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，例： He turned his head．他把头转过去了。（及物） She turned and walked to the house．她转身走回家。（不及物） 有些不及物动词与及物动词本义相同，但形式不同，例： lie 躺（不及物）； lay 放（及物） The book is lying on the table．书在桌上。 He laid the book on the table．他把书放在桌上。 有些及物动词用反身代词作宾语，我们把它们称为反身动词，例： He can’t express himself in English．他无法用英语表达自己的想法。 The boy dressed himself quickly．那男孩很快穿好了衣服。 有些不及物动词用作及物动词时需用其同源的名词作宾语，称作同源宾语，例： He dreamed a sweet dream last night．昨夜他作了个美梦。 The people are living a happy life．人民过着幸福的生活。 She sighed a deep sigh．她深深地叹了一口气。 注意：有些不及物动词后面可接形容词或名词，这时的用法相当于连系动词，例： The tree grows tall．这棵树长得很高。 He returned an old man after 50 years abroad．在国外过了五十年后他回来时已是个老头了。 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词 动词从其含义来分，有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(1ink verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。 1. 实义动词 实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。 如：The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。 He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。 We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。 2. 连系动词 连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。如： It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。 It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。 The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。 Keep quiet，please!请安静!， The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。 Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。 The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。 [注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如： The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。 Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。 [注二]有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如： The new text seens to be easy，but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易，其实相当难。 She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。 3. 情态动词 情态动词有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。 [注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。 4. 助动词 助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，would， do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那样对待我们！ 情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 情态动词的用法: can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及 客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗 ? Could you help me, please? 请问,你能帮助我吗? What can you do? 你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握吗? can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。 may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去. May I come in? 我可以进来吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服. He said he might lend us some money. 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。 may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't. might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。 He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。 Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。 Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。 You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗? After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。 He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。 must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了。 It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。 must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。 need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？ He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。 ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。 You ought to bring the child here. 你应该把孩子带来。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就应该来。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。 will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。 I'll do my best to catch up with them. 我要尽全力赶上他们。 I'll never do it again, that's the last time. 我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。 He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。 will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 It's hot. Will you open the windows? 天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗? Will you help me to work it out? 你能帮我解这道题吗? Would you like some coffee？ 给你来点咖啡怎样？ Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你应该交作业本儿了。 This should be no problem. 这应该没问题。 Shall we go now. 我们现在可以走了吗? Why should I meet him？ 为什么我要见他? have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。 I have to go now. 我现在得走了。 I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。 You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按时来。 We must go to get the timetable ourselves. 我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。]

如何区分情态动词must should might need

这些是情态动词

情态动词的定义:

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.

我们明天能按时去那儿。

May I have your name?

我能知道你的名字吗？

Shall we begin now?

我们现在就开始吗？

You must obey the school rules.

你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

I can see you. Come here.

我能看见你，过来吧。

He must have been away.

他一定走了。

What can I do for you?

你要什么？

How dare you treat us like that！

你怎能那样对待我们！

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

We can't carry the heavy box.

我们搬不动那箱子。

I'm sorry I can't help you.

对不起，我帮不上你。

情态动词的用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及

客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Can you pass me the books?

你能给我递一下书吗 ?

Could you help me, please?

请问,你能帮助我吗?

What can you do?

你能干点什么呢?

Can you be sure?

你有把握吗?

can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all.

他完全可以帮助我们。

With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.

由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。

You may take the book home.

你可以把书带回家去.

May I come in?

我可以进来吗?

May I use your dictionary?

我可以用你的词典吗?

You may put on more clothes.

你可以多穿点衣服.

He said he might lend us some money.

他说他可以借给我们一些钱。

may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now.

我可以借点钱吗?

He might be alive.

他可能还活着。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

I must finish my work today.

我今天必须完成我的工作。

You mustn't work all the time.

你不能老是工作。

Must I return the book tomorrow?

我必须明天还书吗?

After such a long walk, you must be tired.

走了这么长的路,你一定困了。

He must be the man I am looking for.

他一定是我要找的人。

He had to go because of somebody's calling

him that day.

那天他要走是因为有人叫他。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

He must have told my parents about it.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。

He must have received my letter now.

他现在一定收到我的信了。

It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.

已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

You must do it now.

你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)

I have to go now.

我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)

need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.

Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天参加会议吗?

You need not hand in the paper this week.

这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上学需要一辆自行车。

Do you need a dictionary?

你需要词典吗?

She needs a necklace.

她需要一条项链。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

You needn't have taken it seriously.

这件事情你不必太认真。

dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public.

小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。

Dare you catch the little cat?

你敢抓小猫吗?

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

Do you dare to walk in the dark?

你敢黑夜走路吗？

He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.

他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.

如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。

You ought to bring the child here.

你应该把孩子带来。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

You ought to have been here yesterday.

你昨天就应该来。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

你不应该把书带出阅览室。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

可用于各人称。

I'll do my best to catch up with them.

我要尽全力赶上他们。

I'll never do it again, that's the last time.

我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。

He said he would help me.

他说他会帮助我。

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

It's hot. Will you open the windows?

天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?

Will you help me to work it out?

你能帮我解这道题吗?

Would you like some coffee？

给你来点咖啡怎样？

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

You should hand in the exercise book.

你应该交作业本儿了。

This should be no problem.

这应该没问题。

Shall we go now.

我们现在可以走了吗?

Why should I meet him？

为什么我要见他?

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。

I have to go now.

我现在得走了。

I have to cook for my child.

我得给孩子做饭。

You must be here on time next time.

你下次一定要按时来。

We must go to get the timetable ourselves.

我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。

[编辑本段]can和could的用法

1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：

Can you finish this work tonight?

Man cannot live without air.

— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.

注意：①could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：

Could I come to see you tomorrow?

Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.）

②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：

I'll not be able to come this afternoon.

2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）

Can this be true?

How can you be so careless!

This cannot be done by him.

3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：

He cannot have been to that town.

Can he have got the book?

4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.

5. cannot```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"

[编辑本段]may和might的用法

1. 表示许可。

表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：

You may drive the car.

— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.

用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：

May you succeed!

3. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。

He may be very busy now.

4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：

He may not have finished the work.

[编辑本段]must和have to的用法

1. 表示必须、必要。（must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些）如：

You must come in time.

回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。

— Must we hand in our exercise books today?

— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)

2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

This must be your pen.

3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

He must have been to Shanghai.

4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：

① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：

The play is not interesting. I really must go now.

I had to work when I was your age.

② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。

③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：

You mustn't go. 你可不要去。

You don't have to go. 你不必去。

④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：

Must I clean all the room?

[编辑本段]dare和need的用法

1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：

You needn’t come so early.

— Need I finish the work today?

— Yes, you must.

注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：

You needn't have waited for me.

2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：

How dare you say I'm unfair.

He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：

I dare to swim across this river.

He does not dare (to) answer.

Don't you dare (to) touch it!

I wondered he dare (to) say that.

He needs to finish it this evening.

[编辑本段]shall和should的用法

1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：

What shall we do this evening?

2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：

Shall we begin our lesson?

When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：

You shall fail if you don't work harder. （警告）

He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）

He shall be punished. （威胁）

4. Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：

You should go to class right away.

Should I open the window?

Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：

① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。

② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。

③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。

④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。

从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：

⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。

⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。

⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。

此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：

⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？

⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？

— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？

⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

5. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如： She should have finished it.

I should have helped her, but I never could.

You should have started earlier.

[编辑本段]will和would的用法

1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：

Would you pass me the book?

2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：

I will never do that again.

They asked if we would do that again.

3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：

This will be the book you want.

He will have arrived by now.

The guests would have arrived by that time.

I thought you would have finished this by now.

4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：

The wound would not heal.

During the vacation he would visit me every week.

5. 表料想或猜想。如：

It would be about ten when he left home.

What would she be doing there?

I thought he would have told you all about it.

[编辑本段]ought to的用法

1. Ought to表示应该。如：

You ought to take care of him.

2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：

He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）

He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）

This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）

This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）

3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：

You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).

这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。

注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：

Ought you smoke so much?

You oughtn't smoke so much.

[编辑本段]used to，had better，would rather的用法

1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：

He told us he used to play football when he was young.

在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：

疑问句

Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?

Used you to go to the same school as your brother?

否定句

I usedn't to go there.

I didn't use to go there.

Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't，但发音皆为[ju:znt]。

否定疑问句

Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?

Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?

强调句

I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.

I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.

其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：

She used to be very fat, didn't she? （正式）/ use(d)n't she? （口语）

Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.

Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)

2. Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：

— We had better go now.

— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).

Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)

I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）

You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）

注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。

3. Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：

I'd rather not say anything.

Would you rather work on a farm?

— Wouldn't you rather stay here?

— No, I would not. I'd rather go there.

由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：

I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.

I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.

I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.

I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. （句中的'd rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）

[编辑本段]can (could), may (might), 用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Can you pass me the books?

你能给我递一下书吗 ?

Could you help me, please?

请问,你能帮助我吗?

What can you do?

你能干点什么呢?

Can you be sure?

你有把握吗?

can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all.

他完全可以帮助我们。

With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.

由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。

You may take the book home.

你可以把书带回家去.

May I come in?

我可以进来吗?

May I use your dictionary?

我可以用你的词典吗?

You may put on more clothes.

你可以多穿点衣服.

He said he might lend us some money.

他说他可以借给我们一些钱。

may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now.

我可以借点钱吗?

He might be alive.

他可能还活着。

[编辑本段]must, need, ought to, dare (dared)用法

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。

You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。

Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?

After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。

He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。

He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

He must have told my parents about it.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。

He must have received my letter now.

他现在一定收到我的信了。

It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.

已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

You must do it now.

你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)

I have to go now.

我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)

need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.

Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天参加会议吗?

You need not hand in the paper this week.

这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上学需要一辆自行车。

Do you need a dictionary?

你需要词典吗?

She needs a necklace.

她需要一条项链。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

You needn't have taken it seriously.

这件事情你不必太认真。

dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public.

小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。

Dare you catch the little cat?

你敢抓小猫吗?

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

Do you dare to walk in the dark?

你敢黑夜走路吗？

He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.

他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。

[编辑本段]ought，will ，Shall, should，have to

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.

如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。

You ought to bring the child here.

你应该把孩子带来。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

You ought to have been here yesterday.

你昨天就应该来。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

你不应该把书带出阅览室。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

可用于各人称。

I'll do my best to catch up with them.

我要尽全力赶上他们。

I'll never do it again, that's the last time.

我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。

He said he would help me.

他说他会帮助我。

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

It's hot. Will you open the windows?

天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?

Will you help me to work it out?

你能帮我解这道题吗?

Would you like some coffee？

给你来点咖啡怎样？

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

You should hand in the exercise book.

你应该交作业本儿了。

This should be no problem.

这应该没问题。

Shall we go now.

我们现在可以走了吗?

Why should I meet him？

为什么我要见他?

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。

I have to go now.

我现在得走了。

I have to cook for my child.

我得给孩子做饭。

You must be here on time next time.

你下次一定要按时来。

We must go to get the timetable ourselves.

我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。

我把所有的都给你了，希望能对你有帮助

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